考研英语#2016考研究生英语#图表作文之图表描述术语

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众所周知，图表作文是考研英语(二)写作PART B部分的常考题型。图表作文的写作任务通常包括图表描述与图表评论两部分，而在这两项任务中，图表描述是广大考生的薄弱环节，鉴于此，老师特整理描述图表时的高频术语，供2016考研学子在复习2016考研英语时参考学习。
1. 图表及图表类型
1) 图表： chart, graph, diagram;
2) 各类图表：
表格：table;
柱形图：bar chart 或column chart;
饼形图：pie chart;
线形图：line chart 或curve chart;
2. 表达图表中数据的动态变化的名词或动词
1) “数字数据”相关
(1) the number of sth.
(2) data, statistics, figures
(3) hundred, thousand, million, billion
(4) around, over, appropriately
2) 表达“上升”
(1)常见词汇
increase → (名词形式increase )
rise (不规则动词rise→rose→risen) → (名词形式rise)
grow (不规则动词grow→grew→grown) → (名词形式growth)
go up
注意以下短语数量上的区别：
increase by +数字 上升到...
increase to +数字 上升了...
reach to +数字 达到...
(2) 其他词汇
climb : rise, usually slowly 爬升
leap : move or act quickly or suddenly 跳跃，剧增
rocket : increase very rapidly 迅速增加
(3) 地道表达
double, triple
3) 表达“下降”
(1) 常见词汇
decrease (名词形式decrease )
drop (名词形式drop)
fall (不规则动词fall→fell→fallen) → (名词形式fall)
decline (名词形式decline )
go down
(2) 其他词汇
plunge: fall steeply 跳水，猛跌
plummet: drop sharply 垂直落下
sink: to fall, drop, or descend gradually to a lower level 下沉，沉没
dip: decline slightly and usually temporarily 下沉
4) 表达“波动”
fluctuate (名词形式fluctuation )
go up and down
rise and fall
5) 表达“保持平稳”
remain stable (或 remain constant)
level off = move toward stability or consistency (趋向平稳)
3.描述数据变化方向和幅度的形容词(配合名词)、副词(配合动词)
1) 变化快、剧烈、明显
dramatic, drastic, sharp, steep, quick, rapid, sudden, significant, considerable
2) 变化慢、微弱、不明显
slight, moderate, modest, slow, marginal, gradually, steady
4.常用短语：“动词配副词”和“形容词配名词”
1) v. + adv.
decline slowly
grow dramatically
fluctuate sharply
2) adj. + n.
a slow decline
a dramatic growth
a sharp fluctuation
a slight increase
a significant increase
3) on a +adj.+ n
例如：如上述柱形图所示，过去二十年间中国城镇人口已经显著上升。该句至少有以下两种表达：
1)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has grow dramatically in the past two decades.
2)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has been on a dramatic growth in the past two decades.
对于备考2016考研英语图表作文的考生来讲， 掌握以上图表术语及相关表达，可提升考生在描述图表时的专业性、规范性与丰富性，从而提升自身作文的档次，继而在写作这个题型取得更理想的成绩。