考研英语#2017-2025考研究生英语阅读精选#腊八节的来历和习俗

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Laba Festival: Laba Rice Porridge

今天吃腊八粥了么?——腊八节的来历和习俗

Introduction
腊八节简介
The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday observed on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In China, it is customary on this day to eat Laba Congee. The date usually falls in mid-January. La in Chinese means the 12th lunar month and ba means eight.
农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日腊八节，这一天的习俗是吃腊八粥，通常是在阳历1月中旬。“腊”在中国表示农历的第十二个月，“八”表示初八。
History
历史
Before the Qin Dynasty Laba festival was a celebration of the new harvest. The Chinese characters for prey (猎) and the twelfth month (腊 La) were interchangeable then, and ever since La has been used to refer to both.
在秦朝以前，腊八节是为了庆祝丰收。中国汉字里的“猎”和“腊”在那个时候是通用的，也就是从那里起“腊”有了双层意思。
Legend
传说
The eight-treasure porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty about 1000 years ago. Buddhism was well accepted in the areas inhabited by the Han Chinese, who believed that Sakyamuni, the first Buddha and founder of the religion, attained enlightenment on the eighth day of the twelfth month. Sutras were chanted in the temples and rice porridge with beans, nuts and dried fruit was prepared for the Buddha. With the passing of time the custom extended, especially in rural areas where peasants would pray for a plentiful harvest in this way.
腊八粥最早是在1000多年前的宋代被引入中国。佛教当时广泛被中国的汉族接受，他们相信佛教的创始者释迦牟尼，于腊月初八这一天悟道成佛。寺庙里吟颂佛经，准备含有豆类、坚果和干果的粥来纪念佛祖。随着时间的推移，这个风俗慢慢的流传，特别是在农村地区，农民们以这样的方式祈求来年的丰收。
There is, however, another touching story: When Sakyamuni was on his way into the high mountains in his quest for understanding and enlightenment, he grew tired and hungry. Exhausted from days of walking, he passed into unconsciousness by a river in India. A shepherdess found him there and fed him her lunch -- porridge made with beans and rice. Sakyamuni was thus able to continue his journey. After six years of strict discipline, he finally realized his dream of full enlightenment on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month.
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Another Laba food is Laba garlic, which is particularly popular in northern China. Garlic is soaked in vinegar for twenty days starting from Laba festival. The garlic and vinegar is then used alongside Chinese dumplings (or jiaozi) around Chinese new year.
另一个腊八节的食物是腊八蒜，尤其在中国北方很流行。大蒜被浸泡在醋里20天之后，在春节前后被用来伴着饺子吃。