考研英语#2016考研究生英语翻译技巧介绍

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1.形式主语
形式主语通常是指it做形式主语的情况。在翻译时，我们一般都将其处理为固定词组，置于句首。形式主语分为以下两种：
⑴It is+v-ed that
①It is said that....，译为：据说...;②It is reported that....据报道....;③It is estimated that...据估计....;④
It is suggested that...据建议....;⑤It must be admitted that…必须承认...;⑥It should be realized that....应该意识到...;⑦
It can be found that...可以发现...;⑧It is agreed that...大家一致认为....;⑨It can not be denied that….不能否认...;⑩It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…毫不夸张的说....
⑵It is +adj that
It is clear/certain/natural/necessary that… ...是很明显/很肯定的/很自然/很有必要的。例如：
①It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.奇怪的是，她并没有看到自己的缺点。②In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, "United we stand, divided we fall". 在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张的说“团结则存，分裂则亡。”
2.倒装结构
为了强调句子中的某一个成分，所以要将这一成分倒装到句子之前。那么在翻译的时候我们要先将倒装句还原成正常语序，然后按照正常语序进行翻译。例如：
Never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations.这个句子明显的是一个倒装句，never before位于句首采用部分倒装，所以将谓语放在主语之前，还原成正常语序就是： It has never before served so much to connect different peoples and nations.翻译成中文就是：它从来没有连接过那么多不同的民族或国家。
3.并列结构
并列结构是指将句子中不同的成分，运用连接词把它们并列起来的结构。最常见的连接词是 and, or, but, 还有并列结构：whether…or…;either…or…;both…and…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…在翻译的时候，我们通常就按照句子的正常语序进行翻译。例如：There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.这句话按照原文的语序可以翻译为：关于方法论指的是历史研究中的特有概念，还是适合于历史调查不同分支的研究方法，大家并未达成一致意见。